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X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is a technique used to study the surface chemistry of materials. However, in an article LiU researchers University point out a problem with referencing standards.

The European Space Agency is launching their Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE). On the spacecraft, plasma probes made at LiU will investigate the ice on moons orbiting Jupiter.

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is often used to determine the chemical composition of materials. It is accepted as a standard method in materials science. Researchers at LiU, however, have shown that the method is often used erroneously.