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Carl Westin

Assistant Professor

What is it doing? Why is it doing that? What happened now? My research focuses on how operators interact and understand automation and how we can design automation to improve human-automation collaboration.

Human factors research on human-automation collaboration in safety-critical working environments

We are becoming increasingly dependent on automation in our profession and private life. In parallel, automation is growing more capable and complex, making it increasingly more difficult to understand. Issues of misunderstanding and mistrust of automation are particular concerns in safety-critical working environments where human operators supervise the automation and are required to assume control if needed (e.g., aviation, maritime, rail, road, and process industry). As a Human Factors (ergonomics) researcher, my mission lies in studying the physiological and psychological interaction between humans and automation and designing automation that better supports the collaboration between humans and automation. The goal is to enhance safety, improve comfort, increase efficiency, and reduce breakdowns between humans and automation.

My main research interests center on empirical studies in safety-critical transportation domains, such as flight decks, air traffic control, and maritime operations. My focus has been on understanding the relationship between humans and machines from the perspective of human behavior and cognition and exploring automation designs that work in symbiosis with humans while supporting safety and efficiency. I am particularly interested in personalized automation (i.e., strategic conformal automation), transparent automation, and solutions to applying eye-tracking technologies in active operations and simulator training.

For thirteen years, I have combined the role of an academic researcher and a commercial pilot.

More information about my research and academic profile can be found on:

Publications

2026

Jekaterina Basjuka, Carl Westin, Jonas Lundberg (2026) Visual Storytelling for Knowledge Sharing in Co-Design Workshops on Urban Air Mobility (Conference paper) https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3822301.3822303
Jekaterina Basjuka, Jonas Löwgren, Carl Westin, Jonas Lundberg (2026) Towards Urban Air Mobility: Exploring how to support collaborative planning and communication in drone projects Towards Urban Air Mobility: Exploring how to support collaborative planning and communication in drone projects, p. 53-64 (Conference paper) https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3822301.3822319
Jonas Lundberg, Alexandre Duchevet, Evangelos D. Spyrou, Vassilios Kappatos, Anaisa Villani, Ricardo Reis, Carl Westin, Barry Kirwan, Vanessa Arrigoni, Simone Pozzi, Magnus Bång (2026) Levels of Autonomy in Cognitive Control (LACC-LOA): Bidimensional Assessment Method Applied to Six AI Assistant Concepts and Scenarios in the Aviation Domain International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction (Article in journal) https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2026.2662524

2025

Jekaterina Basjuka, Carl Westin, Jonas Lundberg, Gustaf Söderholm, Karl Johan Klang (2025) The Design and Evaluation of a Visual Narrated Storytelling Concept to Improve End Users Understanding of Explanations from a Conceptual AI Assistant (Conference paper) https://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3746175.3747191
Venditti Roberto, Narek Minaskan, Evmorfia Biliri, Barry Kirwan, Miguel Villegas, Carl Westin, Jekaterina Basjuka, Simone Pozzi (2025) Construal Level Theory (CLT) for designing explanation interfaces in operational contexts (Conference paper) https://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005918

Education

PhD in Human Factors, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, 2017


MSc in Applied Ergonomics, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom,
2012

Air Traffic Pilot - University diploma. School of aviation, Lund University, Sweden, 2006

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