A reliable measuring instrument for investigating organizational and social work environment
Research funds
International collaborations
WHOLE stands for Work, Health, Organization, Leadership and Experience. In a number of research projects under WHOLE umbrella, we study how different organizational factors can be linked to the organizational and social work environment, for example leadership, organizational structure, feedback and reward systems and relations. We study this over time to better understand how they are related and affect each other. We analyze how different organizational factors affect the individuals' work experience, health and well-being, but also negative exposure at work (for example exposure to workplace bullying)
Rosander, M. (2026). Working from home: Hybrid and predominantly home-based work in relation to work environment, job satisfaction, and health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 23(4), 524. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph23040524
Rosander, M., & Nielsen, M. B. (2026). Making sense of bullying: Brooding and subsequent sleep problems in seemingly safe work environments. BMC Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-04606-2
Rosander, M., & Nielsen, M. B. (2026). Workplace bullying in the open: The risks associated with working in an open office. Occupational Health Science, 10, 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41542-025-00246-x
Rosander, M., & Nielsen, M. B. (2026). Being nice, outgoing, curious, organized, and calm—protective or eroded by workplace bullying? Reciprocal effects of personality and bullying, and mechanisms to explain the associations. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1740837. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1740837
Nielsen, M. B., Rosander, M., Trépanier, S.-G., Finne, L. B., & Einarsen, S. V. (2026). The paradoxical effect of social support on the relationship between exposure to workplace bullying behaviors and perceived power imbalance. Current Psychology, 45, 149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-025-08687-x
Rosander, M. (2025). Caught in the crossfire: Bullying of those in managerial positions. Journal of Management & Organization, 31(5), 2277–2300. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2025.10
Rosander, M., Hoel, H., & Blomberg, S. (2025). Protected grounds of discrimination and the risk of workplace bullying. Frontiers in Psychology, 16, 1488010. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1488010
Rosander, M., & Nielsen, M. B. (2025). Work ability and risk of turnover for bystanders to workplace bullying. International Journal of Stress Management, 32(2), 190–203. https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000352
Blomberg, S., Einarsen, S. V., & Rosander, M. (2025). Conflict management climate and the prevention of workplace bullying: A multi-cohort three-wave longitudinal study. International Journal of Conflict Management, 36(4), 841–857. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCMA-11-2024-0298
Rosander, M., Blomberg, S., & Einarsen, S. V. (2024). Psychometric properties and cut-off scores for the Swedish version of the Negative Acts Questionnaire: The full scale and short version. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 65(4), 768–780. https://doi.org/10.1111/SJOP.13022
Rosander, M., & Nielsen, M. B. (2024). Workplace bullying in a group context: Are victim reports of working conditions representative for others at the workplace? Work & Stress, 38(2) 115–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2023.2283222
Rosander, M., & Nielsen, M. B. (2024). Is there a blast radius of workplace bullying? Ripple effects on witnesses and non-witnesses. Current Psychology, 43(14), 12365–12379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05340-3
Blomberg, S., Rosander, M. & Einarsen, S. V. (2024). Role ambiguity as an antecedent to workplace bullying: Hostile work climate and supportive leadership as intermediate factors. Scandinavian Journal of Managementt, 40(2), 101328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2024.101328
Nielsen, M. B., Einarsen, S. V., Parveen, S., & Rosander, M. (2024). Witnessing workplace bullying – A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual health and well-being outcomes. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 75, 101909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2023.101908
Rosander, M., & Nielsen, M. B. (2023). Perceived ability to defend oneself against negative treatment at work: Gender differences and different types of bullying behaviours. Applied Psychology, 72(4), 1430–1448. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12443
Rosander, M., Hetland, J., & Einarsen, S. V. (2023). Workplace bullying and mental health problems in balanced and gender-dominated workplaces. Work & Stress, 37(3), 325–344. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2022.2129514
Rosander, M. (2023). Könsperspektiv på mobbning i svenskt arbetslivet [Gender perspectives on bullying in Swedish working life]. In H. Sandmarks (Ed.), Ett hälsofrämjande arbetsliv? Utmaningar och möjligheter [A health-promoting working life? Challenges and opportunities] (pp. 81–107). Studentlitteratur.
Rosander, M., & Salin, D. (2023). A hostile work climate and workplace bullying: Reciprocal effects and gender differences. Employee Relations, 45(7), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-03-2022-0127
Rosander, M. & Nielsen, M. B. (2023). Witnessing bullying at work: Inactivity and the risk of becoming the next target. Psychology of Violence, 13(1), 34–42. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000406
Nielsen, M. B., Rosander, M., & Einarsen, S. V. (2023). Witnessing workplace bullying — protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual health and well-being outcomes. Systematic Reviews, 12(1), 119. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-023-02288-0
Zahlquist, L., Hetland, J., Notelaers, G., Rosander, M., & Einarsen, S. V. (2023). When the going gets tough and the environment is rough: The role of departmental level hostile work climate in the relationships between job stressors and workplace bullying. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20, 4464. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054464
Rosander, M. & Blomberg, S. (2022). Workplace bullying of immigrants working in Sweden. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(14), 2914–2938. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1891113
Rosander, M., & Nielsen, M. B. (2022). Workplace bullying and tiredness at work: A cross-lagged prospective study of causal directions and the moderating effects of a conflict management climate. Journal of Occupational Health, 64(1), e12327. https://doi.org/10.1002/1348-9585.12327
Rosander, M., Salin, D., & Blomberg, S. (2022). The last resort: Workplace bullying and the consequences of changing jobs. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 63(3), 124–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12794
Blomberg, S. & Rosander, M. (2022). When do poor health increase the risk of subsequent workplace bullying? The dangers of low or absent leadership support. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 31(4), 485–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2021.2003781
Rosander, M. (2021). Mental health problems as a risk factor for workplace bullying: The protective effect of a well-functioning organization. Annals of Work Exposures and Health, 65(9), 1096–1106. http://doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxab040
Rosander, M. & Nielsen, M. B. (2021). Witnessing bullying at work: Inactivity and the risk of becoming the next target. Psychology of Violence. https://doi.org/10.1037/vio0000406
Nielsen, M. B., Rosander, M., Blomberg, S., & Einarsen, S. V. (2021). Killing two birds with one stone: How intervening when witnessing bullying at the workplace may help both target and the acting observer. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 94(2), 261–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-020-01575-w
Rosander, M., Salin, D., Viita, L., & Blomberg, S. (2020). Gender matters: Workplace bullying, gender, and mental health. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 560178. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560178
Blomberg, S. & Rosander, M. (2020). Exposure to bullying behaviours and support from co-workers and supervisors: a three-way interaction and the effect on health and well-being. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 93(4), 479–490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-019-01503-7
Rosander, M., & Blomberg, S. (2019). Levels of workplace bullying and escalation – a new conceptual model based on cut-off scores, frequency and self-labelled victimization. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(6), 769–783. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2019.1642874