Photo of Sepehr Shakeri Yekta

Sepehr Shakeri Yekta

Associate Professor, Head of Division, Docent

My research addresses the intersection of chemistry and microbial ecology to process biomass resources. I develop analytical approaches to resolve the molecular complexity of carbon and nutrients in these materials for supporting management actions.

Molecular-level carbon management for climate benefit

Municipal, agricultural and industrial practices need to continually advance to enable the recovery of residual carbon atoms as molecules with market value and use. Technologies that make use of the functions of anaerobic microorganisms (anaerobic bioprocesses) are central to this effort for producing bio-based chemicals and fuels, while recovering carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus to replace mineral fertilisers.

Handling biomass resources generates effluents containing mixtures of many organic molecules, which largely remain unidentified. My research focuses on analytical approaches to characterise these organic constituents at the molecular level, particularly in anaerobic bioprocesses. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has become my primary analytical tool due to its unparalleled ability to probe molecular structures. I aim to advance its application for characterising biomass resources to provide insights into transformation pathways and biomass properties relevant to management practices. This knowledge lays the foundation for introducing new metrics and characterisation methods that enable molecular-level carbon management, particularly in contexts where biomass complexity has posed significant challenges to advance carbon atoms recovery.

I also investigate the role of nutrient dynamics in anaerobic microbial processes, with a particular emphasis on the chemical speciation of micronutrient trace elements to enhance carbon recovery and transformation. Building on this research, I explore valorisation pathways for biomass residues such as food waste and manure, aiming to co-produce high-value products including biomethane, carboxylic acids, protein-rich yeast, and biofertiliser.

Publications

2025

Mette Axelsson Bjerg, Annika Björn, A. Akhabari, E. Perman, Martin Karlsson, Alex Enrich Prast, Luka Safaric, Sepehr Shakeri Yekta (2025) Management of disturbances in agricultural digesters by post-digestion, total solid adjustment, and recirculation Results in Engineering (RINENG), Vol. 28, Article 108202 (Article in journal) Continue to DOI
Mette Axelsson Bjerg, Fredrik Heino, Sepehr Shakeri Yekta, Luka Šafarič, Alex Enrich Prast, Jan Moestedt, Ebba Perman, Anna Schnürer, Annika Björn (2025) Enhancing biogas production from lignocellulosic digestate through priming and post-digestion Bioresource Technology Reports, Vol. 30, Article 102168 (Article in journal) Continue to DOI

2024

Axel Lindfors, Mats Eklund, Anna Brunzell, Erik Erjeby, Tomas Hirsch, Jonas Ammenberg, Stephanie Cordova, Roozbeh Feiz, Marcus Gustafsson, Maria Johansson, Emma Lindkvist, Thomas Prade, Anna Schnürer, Karin Tonderski, Sepehr Shakeri Yekta (2024) Världens bästa biogassystem: Ett BRC innovationsprojekt
Chen Luo, Gustav Pajala, Sepehr Shakeri Yekta, Sayantan Sarkar, J. Val Klump, Paras Pujari, Joyanto Routh (2024) Soil contamination caused by fly ash from coal-fired thermal power plants in India: Spatiotemporal distribution and elemental leaching potential Applied Geochemistry, Vol. 170, Article 106080 (Article in journal) Continue to DOI
Mette Axelsson Bjerg, Eva-Maria Ekstrand, Ingrid Sundgren, Sepehr Shakeri Yekta, Jan Moestedt, Annika Björn (2024) Moderate thermal post-treatment of digestate to improve biomethane production from agricultural- and food waste Bioresource Technology Reports, Vol. 27, Article 101887 (Article in journal) Continue to DOI

News

Research & Teaching

Teaching

Teaching in environmental science program and following courses:

  • Biogas process
  • Designing environmental studies
  • Environmental monitoring
  • Global biogeochemical cycles
  • Environmental Chemistry.

Research 

Improved hydrolysis as a means to increase the overall degradability of organic material in anaerobic digestion for biogas production.
Project Leaders: Annika Björn 

Collaborators

  • Biogas Research Center (BRC) Linköping University
  • Swedish Energy Agency
  • BRC partners and members including Scandinavian Biogas Fuels AB, Tekniska Verken i Linköping AB, Nordvästra Skånes Renhållnings AB, Swedish Biogas International AB, Västblekinge Miljö AB

Research projects

Ongoing project

Food Residue Refinary for Biobased Chemicals and Proteins

Industrial streams rich in organic acids are readily available in locations where food residues are generated and processed. In particular, the mechanical treatment of food waste – commonly employed to reduce particle size and homogenize the material – produces substantial side streams containing organic acids. These acids represent accessible and valuable feedstocks for the production of high-value biobased chemicals. Organic acids such as lactic, acetic, propionic, and butyric acid serve as excellent substrates for the biological synthesis of medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCA), including caproic and caprylic acids, via microbial chain elongation. These biologically derived MCCA can replace fossil-based raw materials in the manufacture of surfactants, plasticizers, nylons, lubricants, and rubber. Moreover, organic acids can be utilized as growth substrates for yeast cultivation in protein feed production, thereby reducing reliance on plant-based feedstocks and mitigating associated environmental impacts. They also offer a cost-effective alternative to conventional carbon sources for biological nitrogen removal in municipal wastewater treatment. This project aims to develop an integrated biorefinery platform that valorizes food residues through multiple bioprocesses to produce:

  • Medium-chain carboxylic acids (MCCAs) as precursors for biobased chemicals,

  • Yeast biomass for sustainable protein feed production, and

  • Carbon substrates for enhanced biological denitrification in municipal wastewater treatment.

Funder: ÅForsk and The Swedish Energy Agency via Biogas Solutions Research center

Past projects

Microbial ß-oxidation of long-chain carboxylic acids and its interaction with sulfide

Microbial degradation of lipids under anaerobic conditions involves a process known as β-oxidation, through which microorganisms break down long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) – the building blocks of lipids – into smaller molecules to generate energy. These smaller molecules are subsequently utilised by methanogenic archaea to produce biomethane. Waste lipids are highly energy-dense bioresources and therefore represent a promising substrate for biomethane production via anaerobic biotechnologies. This approach is particularly attractive in the context of wastewater treatment, where biomethane generation from sewage sludge is often inefficient and existing capacities remain underutilised. This project builds upon previous research demonstrating that anaerobic LCFA degradation can be accelerated by elevated sulfide concentrations. Sulfide is produced during the anaerobic breakdown of sulfur-containing materials and is commonly found in various waste streams. We investigated the co-digestion of lipid- and sulfur-rich wastes with sewage sludge to enhance the renewable energy output of existing wastewater treatment plants.

Relevant publications:

Funder: The Swedish Research Council FORMAS

Trace element availability in biogas reactors - the role of sulphide complexes as regulators of microbial growth and methane yields (PhD project) 

The use of the biogas process for the production of methane, which can be utilized as vehicle fuel or in power plants for electricity production, is strongly established both in Sweden and internationally. The microbiological process is traditionally used to reduce organic waste through digestion. Digested products are used as bio-fertilizers and thus constitute an important component in nutrient circulation, contributing to society’s efforts towards circularity and sustainability. There is an ambition to produce large amounts of biogas efficiently, which means that biogas facilities must be efficient and stable. They need to convert large amounts of substrates per reactor volume and time without disrupting the biological process. This depends, among other things, on how well the growth rate of the microorganisms that carry out anaerobic digestion can be optimized. Microorganisms require a balanced diet, where the availability of macro- and micronutrients is significant for the process. A balanced mixture of protein, fat, and carbohydrates in organic substrates normally provides sufficient levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium. However, in high-load reactors, the availability of micronutrients (e.g., iron, nickel, cobalt, tungsten, and selenium) has been shown to be limiting for process performance. By adding these substances, process performance can be improved. We have investigated the possibilities of adding the substances individually and in various combinations. The results show that this is a sustainable method, but both synergistic and antagonistic effects on biogas production occur. The project advanced this area with knowledge about the mechanisms that control the availability of trace metals in the anaerobic environment of the biogas reactors.

The results are presented in the dissertation "Chemical Speciation of Sulfur and Metals in Biogas Reactors: Implications for Cobalt and Nickel Bio-uptake Processes".

Funder: Swedish Energy Agency

Neuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Molecular characterization in biogas and biofertilizer production systems (post-doc project) 

Anaerobic organic matter degradation for biogas production is influenced by the characteristics of the organic substrate, particularly the resistance or reactivity of particulate organic matter (POM) towards microbial hydrolysis as the first step of the anaerobic degradation chain. The POM characteristics are also important for determining the fate of organic matter in agricultural soils where digestate (nutrient-rich rest materials after anaerobic degradation) are applied as fertilizers. This project applies 13C cross-polarization magic-angle spinning (CP-MAS) and two-dimensional 1H,13C heteronuclear single-quantum coherence (HSQC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to elucidate molecular structures within labile and recalcitrant POM fractions. This foundational information is important for exploring potential optimization strategies to enhance the degradability of underutilized POM for biogas production and the fate of organic matter in soil, where digestate is applied as a biofertilizer.

Relevant publications:

Funder: Swedish Energy Agency through Biogas Research Center